Edward Deci

Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2022). doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-69909-7_2630-2

Nguyen, T., Weinstein, N., & Deci, E. L. (2022). Alone with our thoughts: Investigation of autonomy supportive framing as a driver of enjoyment during quiet time in solitude. Collabra: Psychology, 8(1), 31629. doi: 10.1525/collabra.31629

Nishimura, T., Bradshaw, E. L., Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (2021). Satisfaction of basic psychological needs in an interdependence model of fathers’ own aspirations and those of their adolescent children. Social Development, 30(1), 293-310. doi: 10.1111/sode.12473

Ryan, R. M., Deci, E. L., Vansteenkiste, M., & Soenens, B. (2021). Building a science of motivated persons: Self-determination theory’s empirical approach to human experience and the regulation of behavior. Motivation Science, 7(2), 97-110. doi: 10.1037/mot0000194

Ryan, R. M., Deci, E. L., Vansteenkiste, M., & Soenens, B. (2021). A legacy unfinished: An appreciative reply to comments on self-determination theory’s frontiers and challenges. Motivation Science, 7(2), 120-121. doi: 10.1037/mot0000237

Halvari, A., Ivarsson, A., Halvari, H., Olafsen, A. H., Solstad, B., Niemiec, C. P., Deci, E. L., & Williams, G. C. (2021). A prospective study of knowledge sharing at work based on Self-Determination Theory. Scandinavian Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 6(1), 5. doi: 10.16993/sjwop.140

Ntoumanis, N., Williams, G. C., Ng, J. Y. Y., Prestwich, A., Quested, E., Hancox, J. E., Thogersen-Ntoumani, C., Deci, E. L., Ryan, R. M., & Lonsdale, C. (2021). . In , A meta-analysis of self-determination theory-informed intervention studies in the health domain: Effects on motivation, health behavior, physical, and psychological health (Vol 15(2), pp. 214-244). : . doi: 10.1080/17437199.2020.1718529

Olafsen, A. H., Niemiec, C. P., Deci, E. L., Halvari, H., Nilsen, E. R., & Williams, G. C. (2021). Mindfulness buffers the adverse impact of need frustration on employee outcomes: A self-determination theory perspective. Journal of Theoretical Social Psychology, 00, 1-14. doi: 10.1002/jts5.93

Behzadnia, B., Deci, E. L., & DeHaan, C. R. (2020). Predicting relations among life goals, physical activity, health, and well-being in elderly adults: A self-determination theory perspective on healthy aging. In Betsy Ng, Gloria Ho (Eds.), Self-determination theory and healthy aging (pp. 47-71). Singapore: Springer. doi: 10.1007/978-981-15-6968-5_4

Halvari, A., Halvari, H., & Deci, E. L. (2020). The roles of patients' authenticity and accepting external influence, and clinicians' treatment styles in predicting patients' dental anxiety and avoidance of dental appointments. Europe's Journal of Psychology, 16(1), 45–61. doi: 10.5964/ejop.v16i1.1664

Olafsen, A. H., & Deci, E. L. (2020). Self-determination theory and its relation to organizations. doi: https://doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190236557.013.112

Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2020). Intrinsic and extrinsic motivation from a self-determination theory perspective: Definitions, theory, practices, and future directions. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 61, 101860. doi: 10.1016/j.cedpsych.2020.101860

Halvari, A., Halvari, H., Deci, E. L., & Williams, G. C. (2020). Motivation and anxiety for dental treatment and dental attendance: The roles of the locus of causality personality and treatment styles. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 50(3), 133-144. doi: 10.1111/jasp.12645

Ryan, R. M., Bradshaw, E. L., & Deci, E. L. (2019). A history of human motivation theories in psychology. In R. J. Sternberg & W. E. Pickren, (pp. 391-411). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.

Ryan, R. M., Bradshaw, E., & Deci, E. L. (2019). Motivation. In R. Sternberg & W. Pickren, The Cambridge handbook of the intellectual history of psychology (pp. 391-411). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. doi: 10.1017/9781108290876.016

Ryan, R. M., Ryan, W. S., Di Domenico, S. I., & Deci, E. L. (2019). The nature and the conditions of human autonomy and flourishing: Self-determination theory and basic psychological needs. In R. M. Ryan (Ed)., The Oxford handbook of human motivation (pp. 89-110). : Oxford University Press..

Halvari, A., Halvari, H., & Deci, E. L. (2019). Dental anxiety, oral health‐related quality of life, and general well‐being: A self‐determination theory perspective. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 49(10), 1-12. doi: 10.1111/jasp.12583

Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2019). Research on intrinsic and extrinsic motivation is alive, well, and reshaping 21st-century management approaches: Brief reply to Locke and Schattke (2019). Motivation Science, 5(4), 291-294. doi: 10.1037/mot0000128

Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2019). Supporting autonomy, competence, and relatedness: The coaching process from a self-determination theory perspective. In P. Brownell, S. English, & J. Sabatine (Eds.), Professional coaching: Principles and practice (pp. 231-246). New York, NY: Springer.

Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2019). Brick by brick: The origins, development, and future of self-determination theory. In A. J. Elliot (Ed.), Advances In motivation science (Vol 6, pp. 111-156). Cambridge, MA.: Elsevier Inc.. doi: 10.1016/bs.adms.2019.01.001

Halvari, A., Halvari, H., Deci, E. L., & Williams, G. C. (2019). . In , Autonomy-supportive dental treatment, oral health-related eudaimonic well-being and oral health: A randomized clinical trial (Vol 34(6), pp. 1-16). : . doi: 10.1080/08870446.2019.1613546

Moller, A. C., Roth, G., Niemiec, C. P., Kanat-Maymon, Y., & Deci, E. L. (2018). Mediators of the associations between parents’ conditional regard and the quality of their adult-children’s peer relationships. Motivation and Emotion, 43, 35-51. doi: 10.1007/s11031-018-9727-x

Nguyen, T. T., Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2018). Solitude as an approach to affective self-regulation. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 44(1), 92-106. doi: 10.1177/0146167217733073

Jeno, L. M., Adachi, P. J. C., Grytnes, J.-A., Vandvik, V., & Deci, E. L. (2018). The effects of m-learning on motivation, achievement, and well-being: A Self-Determination Theory approach. British Journal of Educational Technology, 50, 669-683. doi: 10.1111/bjet.12657

Olafsen, A. H., Deci, E. L., & Halvari, H. (2018). Basic psychological needs and work motivation: A longitudinal test of directionality. Motivation and Emotion, 42(2), 178-189. doi: 10.1007/s11031-017-9646-2

Behzadnia, B., Adachi, P. J. C., Deci, E. L., & Mohammadzadeh, H. (2018). Associations between students' perceptions of physical education teachers' interpersonal styles and students' wellness, knowledge, performance, and intentions to persist at physical activity: A self-determination theory approach. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 39, 10-19. doi: 10.1016/j.psychsport.2018.07.003

Halvari, A., Halvari, H., & Deci, E. L. (2017). Attending and avoiding dental appointments: Do “bright” and “dark” motivational paths have a role?. International Journal of Dental Hygiene, 16(2), 286- 297. doi: 10.1111/idh.12274

Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2017). Basic psychological needs theory: Satisfaction and frustration of autonomy, competence, and relatedness in relation to psychological wellness and full functioning. In , Self-determination theory: Basic psychological needs in motivation, development, and wellness (pp. 239-271). : .

Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2017). Causality orientations theory: Individual differences in, and priming of, motivational orientations. In , Self-determination theory: Basic psychological needs in motivation, development, and wellness (pp. 216-238). : . doi: 10.1521/978.14625/28806

Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2017). . In , Parenting, autonomy, and well-being: Speaking plainly about parenting (pp. 348-350). New York, NY: Guilford.

Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2017). Self-determination theory: Basic psychological needs in motivation, development, and wellness. New York: Guilford Publishing.

Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2017). Cognitive evaluation theory, part 1: The effects of rewards, feedback, and other external events on intrinsic motivation. In , Self-determination theory: Basic psychological needs in motivation, development, and wellness (pp. 123-157). : Guilford Press. doi: 10.1521/978.14625/28806

Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2017). Goal contents theory: Aspirations, life goals, and their varied consequences. In , Self-determination theory: Basic psychological needs in motivation, development, and wellness (pp. 272-292). : Guilford Press. doi: 10.1521/978.14625/28806

Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2017). Organismic integration theory: Internalization and the differentiation of extrinsic motivation. In , Self-determination theory: Basic psychological needs in motivation, development, and wellness (pp. 179-215). : Guilford Press. doi: 10.1521/978.14625/28806

Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2017). Relationships motivation theory: The self in close relationships. In , Self-determination theory: Basic psychological needs in motivation, development, and wellness (pp. 293-316). : Guilford Press.

Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2017). Sport, physical activity, and physical education. In R. M. Ryan, & E. L. Deci., Self-determination theory: Basic psychological needs in motivation, development, and wellness (pp. 481-507). New York, NY: Guilford.

Ryan, R. M., Di Domenico, S. I., Ryan, W. S., & Deci, E. L. (2017).

Halvari, A., Halvari, H., Williams, G. C., & Deci, E. L. (2017). . In , Predicting dental attendance from dental hygienists' autonomy support and patients' autonomous motivation: A randomized clinical trial (Vol 32(2), pp. 127-144). : . doi: 10.1080/08870446.2016.1244536

Deci, E. L., Olafsen, A. H., & Ryan, R. M. (2017). Self-determination theory in work organizations: The state of a science. Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior, 4, 19-43. doi: 10.1146/annurev-orgpsych-032516-113108

Soenens, B., Deci, E. L., & Vansteenkiste, M. (2017). How parents contribute to children’s psychological health: The critical role of psychological need support. In L. Wehmeyer, T. D. Little, S. J. Lopez, K. A. Shogren, & R. Ryan, Development of self-determination through the life-course (pp. 171-187). : New York: Springer. doi: 10.1007/978-94-024-1042-6_13

Olafsen, A. H., Niemiec, C. P., Halvari, H., Deci, E. L., & Williams, G. C. (2017). On the dark side of work: A longitudinal analysis using self-determination theory. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 26(2), 275-285. doi: 10.1080/1359432X.2016.1257611

Nguyen, T.-v. T., & Deci, E. L. (2016). Can it be good to set the bar high? The role of motivational regulation in moderating the link from high standards to academic well-being. Learning and Individual Differences, 45, 245-251. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.lindif.2015.12.020

Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2016). Facilitating and hindering motivation, learning, and well-being in schools: Research and observations from self-determination theory. In K. R. Wentzel & D. B. Miele (Eds.), Handbook on motivation at schools (pp. 96-119). New York, NY: Routledge.

Early, D. M., Berg, J. K., Alicea, S., Si, Y., Aber, J. L., Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2016). . In , The impact of every classroom, every day on high school student achievement: Results from a school-randomized trial (Vol 9(1), pp. 3-29). : . doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19345747.2015.1055638

Williams, G. C., Niemiec, C. P., Patrick, H., Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2016). . In , Outcomes of the Smoker’s Health Project: A pragmatic comparative effectiveness trial of tobacco-dependence interventions based on self-determination theory (Vol 31(6), pp. 749-759). : . doi: https://doi.org/10.1093/her/cyw046

Ulstad, S. O., Halvari, H., Sørebø, Ø., & Deci, E. L. (2016). Motivation, learning strategies, and performance in physical education at secondary school. Advances in Physical Education, 6(1), 27-41. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ape.2016.61004

Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (2016). Optimizing students’ motivation in the era of testing and pressure: A self-determination theory perspective. In J. Wang, C. W. Liu, & R. M. Ryan (Eds.), Building autonomous learners: Research and practical perspectives using self-determination theory (pp. 9-29). Singapore: Springer. doi: 10.1007/978-981-287-630-0_2

Ryan, R. M., Deci, E. L., & Vansteenkiste, M. (2016). Autonomy and autonomy disturbances in self-development and psychopathology: Research on motivation, attachment, and clinical process. In D. Cicchetti (Ed), Developmental psychopathology (Vol 1, pp. 385-438). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons Inc.

Halvari, H., Healey, J., Olafsen, A. H., Byrkjeland, R., Deci, E. L., & Williams, G. C. (2016). . In , Physical activity and motivational predictors of changes in health behavior and health among DM2 and CAD patients (Vol 27(11), pp. 1454–1469). : . doi: 10.1111/sms.12757

Marsden, K. E., Ma, W. J., Deci, E. L., Ryan, R. M., & Chiu, P. H. (2015). Diminished neural responses predict enhanced intrinsic motivation and sensitivity to external incentive. Cognitive, Affective, Behavioral Neuroscience, 15, 276-286. doi: 10.3758/s13415-014-0324-5

Olafsen, A. H., Halvari, H., Forest, J., & Deci, E. L. (2015). Show them the money? The role of pay, autonomy support, and justice in a self-determination theory model of intrinsic work motivation. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 56(4), 447-457. doi: 0.1111/sjop.12211

, Matsumoto, M., Izuma, K, Sugiura, A., Ryan, R. M., Deci, E. L., & Matsumoto, K. (2015). How self-determined choice facilitates performance: A key role of the ventromedial prefrontal cortex. Cerebral Cortex, 25, 1241-1251. doi: 10.1093/cercor/bht317

Deci, E. L., Ryan, R. M., Schultz, P., & Niemiec, C. P. (2015). Being aware and functioning fully: Mindfulness and interest-taking within self-determination theory. In K. W. Brown, J. D. Creswell & R. M. Ryan, Handbook of mindfulness: Theory, research, and practice.New York, NY: Guilford Press.

Chen, B., et al., Vansteenkiste, M., Beyers, W., Boone, L., Deci, E. L., Van der Kaap-Deeder, J., Matos, L., Ryan, R. M., Sheldon, K. M., & Soenens, B. (2015). Basic psychological need satisfaction, need frustration, and need strength across four cultures. Motivation and Emotion, 39, 216-236. doi: 10.1007/s11031-014-9450-1

Moller, A. C., & Deci, E. L. (2014). doi: 10.1007/978-1-4939-0959-9_9

Early, D. M., Rogge, R. D., & Deci, E. L. (2014). . In , Engagement, alignment, and rigor as vital signs of high-quality instruction: A classroom visit protocol for instructional improvement and research (Vol 97, pp. 219-239). : .

Benita, M., Roth, G., & Deci, E. L. (2014). When are mastery goals more adaptive? It depends on experiences of autonomy support and autonomy. Journal of Educational Psychology, 106, 258-267. doi: 10.1037/a0034007

Kasser, T., Dungan, N., Rosenblum, K. L., Sameroff, A. J., Deci, E. L., Niemiec, C. P., Ryan, R. M., Osp, A., Bond, R., & Dittmar, H. (2014). . In , Changes in materialism, changes in psychological well-being: Evidence from three longitudinal studies and an intervention experiment (Vol 38, pp. 1-22). : . doi: 10.1007/s11031-013-9371-4

Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (2014). doi: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199794911.013.003

Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (2014). Autonomy and need satisfaction in close relationships: Relationships motivation theory. In N. Weinstein (Ed.), Human motivation and interpersonal relationships: Theory, research, and applications (pp. 53-73). Dordrecht, Netherlands: Springer. doi: 10.1007/978-94-017-8542-6_3

Przybylski, A. K., Deci, E. L., Rigby, C. S., & Ryan, R. M. (2014). Competence-impeding electronic games and players’ aggressive feelings, thoughts, and behaviors. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 106, 441-457. doi: 10.1037/a0034820

Halvari, A., Halvari, H., Bjørnebekk, G., & Deci, E. L. (2013). Oral health and dental well-being: Testing a self-determination theory model. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 43(2), 275-292. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-1816.2012.00996.x

Ryan, R. M., Curren, R. R., & Deci, E. L. (2013). What humans need: Flourishing in Aristotelian philosophy and self-determination theory. In A. S. Waterman (Eds.), The best within us: Positive psychology perspectives on eudaimonia (pp. 57-75). Washington, WA: American Psychological Association. doi: 10.1037/14092-004

Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2013). Toward a social psychology of assimilation: Self-determination theory in cognitive development and education. In B. W. Sokol, F. M. E. Grouzet, U. Muller (Eds.), Self-regulation and autonomy: Social and developmental dimensions of human conduct (pp. 191-207). Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press. doi: 10.1017/cbo9781139152198.014

Spence, G. B., & Deci, E. L. (2013). Self-determination theory within coaching contexts: Supporting motives and goals that promote well-being and effective performance. In Clutterbuck, D. Megginson, & S. David (Eds.), Beyond Goals: Effective Strategies for Coaching and Mentoring (pp. 85-108). London: Gower Publishing.

Deci, E. L., Ryan, R. M., & Guay, F. (2013). Self-determination theory and actualization of human potential. In D. McInerney, H. Marsh, R. Craven, & F. Guay (Eds.), Theory driving research: New wave perspectives on self processes and human development (pp. 109-133). Charlotte, NC: Information Age Press.

Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (2013). The importance of autonomy for development and well-being. In B. W. Sokol, F. M. E. Grouzet, U. Muller (Eds.), Self-regulation and autonomy: Social and developmental dimensions of human conduct (pp. 19-46). Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.

Halvari, A., Halvari, H., Bjørnebekk, G., & Deci, E. L. (2012). Motivation for dental home care: Testing a self-determination theory model. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 42(1), 1-39. doi: 10.1111/j.1559-1816.2011.00867.x

Halvari, A., Halvari, H., Bjørnebekk, G., & Deci, E. L. (2012). Self-determined motivational predictors of increases in dental behaviors, decreases in dental plaque, and improvement in oral health: a randomized clinical trial. Health Psychology, 31(6), 777-88. doi: 10.1037/a0027062

Ryan, R. M., Legate, N., Niemiec, C. P., & Deci, E. L. (2012). doi: 10.1037/13748-012

Weinstein, N., Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2012). Motivation, meaning and wellness: A self-determination perspective on the creation and internalization of personal meanings and life goals. In P. T. P. Wang (Ed.), The human quest for meaning: Theories, research, and applications (pp. 81-106). New York: Routledge Publishers. doi: 10.4324/9780203146286

Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (2012). Self-determination theory in health care and its relations to motivational interviewing: a few comments. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 9, 1-6. doi: 10.1186/1479-5868-9-24

Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (2012). Self-determination theory. In P. A. M. Van Lange, A. W. Kruglanski, & E. T. Higgins (Eds.), Handbook of theories of social psychology: Vol. 1 (pp. 416-437). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. doi: 10.4135/9781446201022

Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (2012). Motivation, personality, and development within embedded social contexts: An overview of self-determination theory. In R. M. Ryan (Ed.), Oxford handbook of human motivation (pp. 85-107). Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. doi: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195399820.001.0001

Sarrazin, P., Pelletier, L. G., Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (2012).

Ng, J. Y. Y., Ntoumanis, N., Thogersen-Ntoumani, C., Deci, E. L., Ryan, R. M., Duda, J. L., & Williams, G. C. (2012). Self-determination theory applied to health contexts: A meta-analysis. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 7, 325-340. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1745691612447309

Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2011). Multiple identities within a single self: A self-determination theory perspective on internalization within contexts and cultures. In M. R. Leary & J. P. Tangney (Eds.), Handbook of self & identity (pp. 253-274). New York: The Guilford Press.

Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2011). A self-determination theory perspective on social, institutional, cultural, and economic supports for autonomy and their importance for well-being. In V. I. Chirkov, R. M. Ryan & K. M. Sheldon (Eds.), Human autonomy in cross-cultural context: Perspectives on the psychology of agency, freedom, and well-being (pp. 45-64). Dordrecht, Netherlands: Springer.

Ryan, R. M., Lynch, M. F., Vansteenkiste, M., & Deci, E. L. (2011). Motivation and autonomy in counseling, psychotherapy, and behavior change: A look at theory and practice. The Counseling Psychologist, 39, 193-260. doi:

Williams, G. C., Patrick, H., Niemiec, C. P., Ryan, R. M., Deci, E. L., & McGregor, H. A. (2011). . In , The smoker’s health project: A self-determination theory intervention to facilitate maintenance of tobacco abstinence (Vol 32, pp. 535-543). : . doi: 10.1016/j.cct.2011.03.002

Weinstein, N., Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (2011). Motivational determinants of integrating positive and negative past identities. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 100(3), 527-544. doi: 10.1037/a0022150

Friedman, R., Deci, E. L., Elliot, A. J., Moller, A. C., & Aarts, H. (2010). Priming motivational orientations with observations of others' behaviors. Motivation and Emotion, 34, 34-38. doi: 10.1007/s11031-009-9151-3

Halvari, A., Halvari, H., Bjørnebekk, G., & Deci, E. L. (2010). Motivation and anxiety for dental treatment: Testing a self-determination theory model of oral self-care behaviour and dental clinic attendance. Motivation and Emotion, 34(1), 15-33. doi: 10.1007/s11031-010-9154-0

Vansteenkiste, M., Smeets, S., Soenens, B., Lens, W., Matos, L., & Deci, E. L. (2010). Autonomous and controlled regulation of performance-approach goals: Their relations to perfectionism and educational outcomes. Motivation and Emotion, 34, 333–353. doi: 10.1007/s11031-010-9188-3

Moller, A. C., & Deci, E. L. (2010). Interpersonal control, dehumanization, and violence: A self-determination theory perspective. Group Processes & Intergroup Relations, 13, 41-53.

Jang, H., Reeve, J., & Deci, E. L. (2010). Engaging students in learning activities: It's not autonomy support or structure, but autonomy support and structure. Journal of Educational Psychology, 102(3), 588-600. doi: 10.1037/a0019682

Niemiec, C. P., Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2010). Self-determination theory and the relation of autonomy to self-regulatory processes and personality development. In R. H. Hoyle (Ed.), Handbook of personality and self-regulation (pp. 169-191). Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishing.

Moller, A. C., Deci, E. L., & Elliot, A. J. (2010). Person-level relatedness and the incremental value of relating. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 36, 754-767.

Lynch, M. F., Vansteenkiste, M., Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (2010). Autonomy as process and outcome: Revisiting cultural and practical issues in motivation for counseling. The Counseling Psychologist, 39(2), 286-302. doi: DOI: 10.1177/0011000010388424

Niemiec, C. P., Ryan, R. M., Patrick, H., Deci, E. L., & Williams, G. C. (2010). The energization of health-behavior change: Examining the associations among autonomous self-regulation, subjective vitality, depressive symptoms, and tobacco abstinence. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 5, 122-138. doi: 10.1080/17439760903569162

Deci, E. L. (2009). Large-scale school reform as viewed from the self-determination theory perspective. Theory and Research in Education, 7, 244-252.

Zhou, M., Ma, W. J., & Deci, E. L. (2009). The importance of autonomy for rural Chinese children's motivation for learning. Learning and Individual Differences, 19, 492-498.

Ryan, R. M., Williams, G. C., Patrick, H., & Deci, E. L. (2009). Self-determination theory and physical activity: The dynamics of motivation in development and wellness. Hellenic Journal of Psychology, 6, 107-124.

Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2009). Promoting self-determined school engagement: Motivation, learning, and well-being. In K. R. Wentzel & A. Wigfield (Eds.), Handbook on motivation at school (pp. 171-196). New York, NY: Routledge.

Niemiec, C. P., Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2009). The path taken: Consequences of attaining intrinsic and extrinsic aspirations in post-college life. Journal of Research in Personality, 43, 291-306. doi: 10.1016/j.jrp.2008.09.001

Roth, G., Assor, A., Niemiec, C. P., Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2009). The emotional and academic consequences of parental conditional regard: Comparing conditional positive regard, conditional negative regard, and autonomy support as parenting practices. Developmental Psychology, 45(4), 1119–1142. doi: 10.1037/a0015272

Williams, G. C., Niemiec, C. P., Patrick, H., Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2009). . In , The importance of supporting autonomy and perceived competence in facilitating long-term tobacco abstinence (Vol 37, pp. 315-324). : . doi: 10.1007/s12160-009-9090-y

Stone, D., Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (2009). Beyond talk: Creating autonomous motivation through self-determination theory. Journal of General Management, 34, 75-91.

Niemiec, C. P., Ryan, R. M., Deci, E. L., & Williams, G. C. (2009). Aspiring to physical health: The role of aspirations for physical health in facilitating long-term tobacco abstinence. Patient Education and Counseling, 74, 250-257.

Ryan, R. M., Huta, V., & Deci, E. L. (2008). Living well: A self-determination theory perspective on eudaimonia. Journal of Happiness Studies, 9, 139-170.

Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2008). Self-determination theory and the role of basic psychological needs in personality and the organization of behavior. In O. P. John, R. W. Robbins, & L. A. Pervin (Eds.), Handbook of Personality: Theory and Research (pp. 654-678). New York: The Guilford Press.

Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2008). A self-determination approach to psychotherapy: The motivational basis for effective change. Canadian Psychology, 49, 186-193.

Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2008). From ego-depletion to vitality: Theory and findings concerning the facilitation of energy available to the self. Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 2, 702-717.

Vansteenkiste, M., Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2008). Self-determination theory and the explanatory role of psychological needs in human well-being. In L. Bruni, F. Comim, & M. Pugno (Eds.), Capabilities and happiness (pp. 187-223). Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.

Kim, Y., Carver, C. S., Deci, E. L., & Kasser, T. (2008). Adult attachment and psychological well-being in cancer caregivers: The meditational role of spouses’ motives for caregiving. Health Psychology, 27, S144-S154. doi: 10.1037/0278-6133.27.2(Suppl.).S144

Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (2008). Facilitating optimal motivation and psychological well-being across life’s domains. Canadian Psychology, 49, 14-23. doi: 10.1037/0708-5591.49.1.14

Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (2008). Hedonia, eudaimonia, and well-being: An introduction. Journal of Happiness Studies, 9, 1-11.

Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (2008). Self-determination theory: A macrotheory of human motivation, development and health. Canadian Psychology, 49, 182-185. doi: 10.1037/a0012801

Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (2008). Favoriser la motivation optimale et la santé mentale dans les divers milieux de vie. Canadian Psychology, 49, 14-23.

Ryan, R. M., Patrick, H., Deci, E. L., & Williams, G. C. (2008). . In , Facilitating health behaviour change and its maintenance: Interventions based on self-determination theory (Vol 10, pp. 2-5). : .

Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2007). Active human nature: Self-determination theory and the promotion and maintenance of sport, exercise, and health. In M. S. Hagger & N. L. D. Chatzisarantis (Eds.), Intrinsic motivation and self-determination in exercise and sport (pp. 1-19). Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.

Reeve, J., Ryan, R. M., Deci, E. L., & Jang, H. (2007). Understanding and promoting autonomous self-regulation: A self-determination theory perspective. In D. Schunk & B. Zimmerman (Eds.), Motivation and self-regulated learning: Theory, research, and application (pp. 223-244). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers.

Moller, A. C., Friedman, R., & Deci, E. L. (2006). A self-determination theory perspectives on the interpersonal and intrapersonal aspects of self-esteem. In M. H. Kernis (Ed.), Self-esteem issues and answers: A sourcebook of current perspectives (pp. 125-131). Philadelphia, PA: Psychology Press.

Vansteenkiste, M., Lens, W., & Deci, E. L. (2006). Intrinsic versus extrinsic goal contents in self-determination theory: Another look at the quality of academic motivation. Educational Psychologist, 41, 19-31.

Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2006). Self-regulation and the problem of human autonomy: Does psychology need choice, self-determiniation, and will?. Journal of Personality, 74, 1557-1586. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-6494.2006.00420.x

Williams, G. C., McGregor, H. A., Sharp, D., Levesque, C. S., Kouides, R. W., Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2006). . In , Testing a self-determination theory intervention for motivating tobacco cessation: Supporting autonomy and competence in a clinical trial (Vol 25(1), pp. 91-101). : . doi: 10.1037/0278-6133.25.1.91

Williams, G. C., McGregor, H. A., Sharp, D., Kouides, R. W., Levesque, C. S., Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2006). . In , A self-determination multiple risk intervention trial to improve smokers’ health (Vol 21, pp. 1288-1294). : .

Moller, A. C., Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2006). Self-determination theory and public policy: Improving the quality of consumer decisions without using coercion. Journal of Public Policy & Marketing, 25, 104-116.

Ryan, R. M., Deci, E. L., Grolnick, W. S., & La Guardia, J. G. (2006). The significance of autonomy and autonomy support in psychological development and psychopathology. In D. Cicchetti & D. J. Cohen (Eds.), Developmental psychopathology: Theory and method (Vol 1, pp. 795-849). New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons, Inc..

Niemiec, C. P., Lynch, M. F., Vansteenkiste, M., Bernstein, J., Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (2006). The antecedents and consequences of autonomous self-regulation for college: A self-determination theory perspective on socialization. Journal of Adolescence, 29, 761-775.

Moller, A. C., Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (2006). Choice and ego-depletion: The moderating role of autonomy. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 32, 1024-1036. doi: 10.1177/0146167206288008

Deci, E. L., La Guardia, J. G., Moller, A. C., Scheiner, M. J., & Ryan, R. M. (2006). On the benefits of giving as well as receiving autonomy support: Mutuality in close friendships. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 32, 313-327.

Williams, G. C., McGregor, H. A., Zeldman, A., Freedman, Z. R., Elder, D., & Deci, E. L. (2005). . In , Promoting glycemic control through diabetes self-management: Evaluating a patient activation intervention (Vol 56, pp. 28-34). : . doi: 10.1016/j.pec.2003.11.008

Gagné, M., & Deci, E. L. (2005). Self-determination theory and work motivation. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 26, 331-362.

Williams, G. C., Gagné, M., Mushlin, A. I., & Deci, E. L. (2005). Motivation for behavior change in patients with chest pain. Health Education, 105, 304-321.

Deci, E. L., & Moller, A. C. (2005). The concept of competence: A starting place for understanding intrinsic motivation and self-determined extrinsic motivation. In A. J. Elliot & C. J. Dweck (Eds.), Handbook of competence and motivation (pp. 579-597). New York: Guilford Press.

Deci, E. L. (2004). Promoting intrinsic motivation and self-determination in people with mental retardation. In H. N. Switzky (Ed.), Personality and motivational systems in mental retardation, Vol. 28 (pp. 1-29). San Diego: Elsevier Academic Press.

Williams, G. C., Frankel, R. M.,, Campbell, T. L.,, & Deci, E. L. (2004). The science of the art of medicine: Research on the biopsychosocial approach to health care. In R. M. Frankel, T. E. Quill, & S. H. McDaniel (Eds.), The biopsychosocial approach: Past, present, future (pp. 109-122). Rochester, NY: University of Rochester Press.

Vansteenkiste, M., Lens, W., De Witte, S., De Witte, H., & Deci, E. L. (2004). The “why” and “why not” of job search behavior: Their relation to searching, unemployment experience, and well-being. European Journal of Social Psychology, 34(3), 345-363. doi: 10.1002/ejsp.202

Assor, A., Roth, G., & Deci, E. L. (2004). The emotional costs of perceived parental conditional regard: A self-determination theory analysis. Journal of Personality, 72, 47-87.

Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2004). Avoiding death or engaging life as accounts of meaning and culture: A comment on Pyszczynski, Greenberg, Solomon, Arndt, and Schimel. Psychological Bulletin, 130, 473-477.

Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2004). Autonomy is no illusion: Self-determination theory and the empirical study of authenticity, awareness, and will. In J. Greenberg, S. L. Koole, & T. Pyszczynski (Eds.), Handbook of experimental existential psychology (pp. 449-479). New York: Guilford Press.

Vansteenkiste, M., Simons, J., Lens, W., Sheldon, K. M., & Deci, E. L. (2004). Motivating learning, performance, and persistence: The synergistic role of intrinsic goals and autonomy-support. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 87, 246-260.

Williams, G. C., McGregor, H. A., Zeldman, A., Freedman, Z. R., Deci, E. L., & Elder, D. (2004). Testing a self-determination theory process model for promoting glycemic control through diabetes self-management. Health Psychology, 23, 58-66. doi: 10.1037/0278-6133.23.1.58

Sheldon, K. M., Ryan, R. M., Deci, E. L., & Kasser, T. (2004). The independent effects of goal contents and motives on well-being: It's both what you pursue and why you pursue it. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 30, 475-486.

Baard, P. P., Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (2004). Intrinsic need satisfaction: A motivational basis of performance and well-being in two work settings. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 34(10), 2045-2068. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-1816.2004.tb02690.x

Reeve, J., Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (2004). Self-determination theory: A dialectical framework for understanding socio-cultural influences on student motivation. In D. M. McInerney & S. Van Etten (Eds.), Big theories revisited (pp. 31-60). Greenwich, CT: Information Age Press.

Deci, E. L., & Vansteenkiste, M. (2004). Self-determination theory and basic need satisfaction: Understanding human development in positive psychology. Ricerche di Psichologia, 27, 17-34.

Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2003). On assimilating identities to the self: A self-determination theory perspective on internalization and integrity within cultures. In M. R. Leary & J. P. Tangney (Eds.), Handbook on self & identity (pp. 253-274). New York: The Guilford Press.

Vansteenkiste, M., & Deci, E. L. (2003). Competitively contingent rewards and intrinsic motivation: Can losers remain motivated?. Motivation and Emotion, 27, 273-299. doi: 10.1023/A:1026259005264

Williams, G. C., Levesque, C. S., Zeldman, A., Wright, S., & Deci, E. L. (2003). Health care practitioners' motivation for tobacco-dependence counseling. Health Education Research, 18, 538-553. doi: 10.1093/her/cyf042

Williams, G. C., Zeldman, A., Wright, S., & Deci, E. L. (2003). Health care practitioners' motivation for tobacco-dependence counseling. Health Education Research, 18, 538-553.

Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2002). An overview of self-determination theory. In E. L. Deci & R. M. Ryan (Eds.), Handbook of self-determination research (pp. 3-33). Rochester, NY: University of Rochester Press.

Williams, G. C., Minicucci, D. S., Kouides, R. W., Levesque, C. S., Chirkov, V. I., Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2002). Self-determination, smoking, diet and health. Health Education Research, 17, 512-521.

Williams, G. C., Gagné, M., Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2002). Facilitating autonomous motivation for smoking cessation. Health Psychology, 21, 40-50. doi: 10.1037//0278-6133.21.1.40

Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (2002). The paradox of achievement: The harder you push, the worse it gets. In J. Aronson (Ed.), Improving academic achievement: Impact of Psychological Factors on Education (pp. 61-87). San Diego: Academic Press.

Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (2002). Handbook of self-determination research. Rochester, NY: University of Rochester Press.

Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (2002). Self-determination research: Reflections and future directions. In E. L. Deci & R. M. Ryan (Eds.), Handbook of self-determination research (pp. 431-441). Rochester, NY: University of Rochester Press.

Kim, Y., Deci, E. L., & Zuckerman, M. (2002). Development of the self-regulation of withholding negative emotions questionnaire. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 62, 316-336.

Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2001). On happiness and human potentials: A review of research on hedonic and eudaimonic well-being. In S. Fiske (Ed), Annual review of psychology (Vol 52, pp. 141-166). Palo Alto, CA: Annual Reviews, Inc. doi: 10.1146/annurev.psych.52.1.141

Williams, G. C., & Deci, E. L. (2001). Activating patients for smoking cessation through physician autonomy support. Medical Care, 39, 813-823.

Deci, E. L., Ryan, R. M., Gagné, M., Leone, D. R., Usunov, J., & Kornazheva, B. P. (2001). Need satisfaction, motivation, and well-being in the work organizations of a former Eastern Bloc country. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 27(8), 930-942. doi: 10.1177/0146167201278002

Deci, E. L., Koestner, R., & Ryan, R. M. (2001). Extrinsic rewards and intrinsic motivation in education: Reconsidered once again. Review of Educational Research., 71(1), 1-27. doi: 10.3102/00346543071001001

Black, A. E., & Deci, E. L. (2000). The effects of instructors' autonomy support and students' autonomous motivation on learning organic chemistry: A self-determination theory perspective. Science Education, 84(6), 740-756. doi: 10.1002/1098-237X(200011)84:6<740::AID-SCE4>3.0.CO;2-3

Williams, G. C., Frankel, R., Campbell, T. L., & Deci, E. L. (2000). Research on relationship-centered care and health-care outcomes from the Rochester biopsychosocial program: A self-determination theory integration. Families, Systems & Health, 18, 79-90.

La Guardia, J. G., Ryan, R. M., Couchman, C. E., & Deci, E. L. (2000). Within-person variation in security of attachment: A self-determination theory perspective on attachment, need fulfillment, and well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 79(3), 367-384. doi: 10.1037//0022-3514.79.3.367

Williams, G. C., Cox, E. M., Hedberg, V.,, & Deci, E. L. (2000). Extrinsic life goals and health risk behaviors in adolescents. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 30(8), 1756-1771. doi: 10.1111/j.1559-1816.2000.tb02466.x

Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2000). Self-determination theory and the facilitation of intrinsic motivation, social development, and well-being. American Psychologist, 55(1), 68-78. doi: 10.1037/0003-066X.55.1.68

Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2000). The darker and brighter sides of human existence: Basic psychological needs as a unifying concept. Psychological Inquiry, 11, 319-338.

Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2000). La teoría de la autodeterminación y la facilitación de la motivación intrínseca, el desarrollo social, y el bienestar. Spanish translation of article appearing in American Psychologist, 55, 68-78.

Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2000). When rewards compete with nature: The undermining of intrinsic motivation and self-regulation. In C. Sansone & J. M. Harackiewicz (Eds.), Intrinsic and extrinsic motivation: The search for optimal motivation and performance (pp. 13-54). New York: Academic Press.

Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2000). Intrinsic and extrinsic motivations: Classic definitions and new directions. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 25, 54-67. doi: 10.1006/ceps.1999.1020

Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (2000). The 'what' and 'why' of goal pursuits: Human needs and the self-determination of behavior. Psychological Inquiry, 11, 227-268.

Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (2000). What is the self in self-directed learning?. In G. A. Straka (Ed.), What is the self in self-directed learning? (pp. 75-92). Muenster, Germany: Waxmann.

Chirkov, V. I., & Deci, E. L. (1999). Svyazi mezhdu zdorov'em ctudentov i ih zhiznennumi stremleniyami, vospriyatiem roditelei i uchiteleii [Relations among students' health, life aspirations and perception of parents and teachers]. Voprosy Psikhologii, 3, 48-57.

Williams, G. C., Cox, E. M., Kouides, R., & Deci, E. L. (1999). Presenting the facts about smoking to adolescents: The effects of an autonomy supportive style. Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, 153, 959-964. doi: 10.1001/archpedi.153.9.959

Nix, G. A., Ryan, R. M., Manly, J. B., & Deci, E. L. (1999). Revitalization through self-regulation: The effects of autonomous and controlled motivation on happiness and vitality. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 35(3), 266-284. doi: 10.1006/jesp.1999.1382

Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (1999). Approaching and avoiding self-determination: comparing cybernetic and organismic paradigms of motivation. In C. Carver & M. Scheier (Eds.), Perspectives on behavioral self-regulation: Advances in social cognition (Vol XII, pp. 193-215). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers.

Ryan, R. M., Chirkov, V. I., Little, T. D., Sheldon, K. M., Timoshina, E., & Deci, E. L. (1999). The American dream in Russia: Extrinsic aspirations and well-being in two cultures. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 25(12), 1509-1524. doi: 10.1177/01461672992510007

Deci, E. L., Koestner, R., & Ryan, R. M. (1999). A meta-analytic review of experiments examining the effects of extrinsic rewards on intrinsic motivation. Psychological Bulletin, 125, 627-668. doi: 10.1037/0033-2909.125.6.627

Deci, E. L., Koestner, R., & Ryan, R. M. (1999). The undermining effect is a reality after all: Extrinsic rewards, task interest, and self-determination. Psychological Bulletin, 125(6), 692-700. doi: 10.1037/0033-2909.125.6.692

Deci, E. L. (1998). The relation of interest to motivation and human needs: The self-determination theory viewpoint. In L. Hoffmann, A. Krapp, K. A. Renninger, & J. Baumert (Eds.), Interest and learning (pp. 146-162). Kiel, Germany: Institute for Science Education.

Williams, G. C., Freedman, Z. R., & Deci, E. L. (1998). Supporting autonomy to motivate glucose control in patients with diabetes. Diabetes Care, 21(10), 1644-1651. doi: 10.2337/diacare.21.10.1644

Williams, G. C., Rodin, G. C., Ryan, R. M., Grolnick, W. S., & Deci, E. L. (1998). Autonomous regulation and adherence to long-term medical regimens in adult outpatients. Health Psychology, 17, 269-276.

Williams, G. C., Rodin, G. C., Ryan, R. M., Grolnick, W. S., & Deci, E. L. (1998). Autonomous regulation and long-term medication adherence in adult outpatients. Health Psychology, 17(3), 269-76. doi: 10.1037//0278-6133.17.3.269

Williams, G. C., & Deci, E. L. (1998). The importance of supporting autonomy in medical education. Annals of Internal Medicine, 129, 303-308.

Williams, G. C., Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (1998). Building health-care partnerships by supporting autonomy: Promoting maintained behavior change and positive health outcomes. In A. L. Suchman, P. Hinton-Walker, & R. Botelho (Eds.), Partnerships in healthcare: Transforming relational process (pp. 67-87). Rochester, NY: University Of Rochester Press..

Ryan, R. M., Kuhl, J., & Deci, E. L. (1997). Nature and autonomy: An organizational view on the social and neurobiological aspects of self-regulation in behavior and development. Development and Psychopathology, 9, 701-728. doi: 10.1017/s0954579497001405

Wild, T. C., Enzle, M. E., Nix, G., & Deci, E. L. (1997). Perceiving others as intrinsically or extrinsically motivated: Effects on expectancy formation and task engagement. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 23, 837-848.

Williams, G. C., Saizow, R., Ross, L., & Deci, E. L. (1997). Motivation underlying career choice for internal medicine and surgery. Social Science and Medicine, 45, 1705-1713.

Grolnick, W. S., Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (1997). Internalization within the family: The self-determination theory perspective. In J. E. Grusec & L. Kuczynski (Eds.), Parenting and children's internalization of values: A handbook of contemporary theory (pp. 135-161). New York: Wiley.

Grolnick, W. S., Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (1997). Internalization within the family: The self-determination theory perspective. In J. E. Grusec & L. Kuczynski, Parenting and children's internalization of values: A handbook of contemporary theory (pp. 135–161). : John Wiley & Sons Inc..

Deci, E. L., Kasser, T., & Ryan, R. M. (1997). Self-determined teaching in colleges and universities: Possibilities and obstacles. In J. Bess (Ed), Teaching well and liking it: Motivating faculty to teach effectively (pp. 57-71). Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press.

Ryan, R. M., Sheldon, K. M., Kasser, T., & Deci, E. L. (1996). All goals are not created equal: An organismic perspective on the nature of goals and their regulation. In P. M. Gollwitzer & J. A. Bargh (Eds.), The psychology of action: Linking cognition and motivation to behavior (pp. 7-26). New York: Guilford Press.

Reeve, J., & Deci, E. L. (1996). Elements within the competitive situation that affect intrinsic motivation. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 22, 24-33.

Williams, G. C., Grow, V. M., Freedman, Z. R., Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (1996). Motivational predictors of weight loss and weight-loss maintenance. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 70(1), 115-126. doi: 10.1037//0022-3514.70.1.115

Williams, G. C., & Deci, E. L. (1996). Internalization of biopsychosocial values by medical students: A test of self-determination theory. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 70(4), 767-779. doi: 10.1037//0022-3514.70.4.767

Deci, E. L., Ryan, R. M., & Williams, G. C. (1996). Need satisfaction and the self-regulation of learning. Learning and Individual Differences, 8, 165-183.

Ryan, R. M., Deci, E. L., & Grolnick, W. S. (1995). Autonomy, relatedness, and the self: Their relation to development and psychopathology. In D. Cicchetti & D. J. Cohen (Eds.), Developmental psychopathology: Theory and methods (Vol 1, pp. 618-655). New York: Wiley.

Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (1995). Human autonomy: The basis for true self-esteem. In M. Kernis (Ed.), Efficacy, agency, and self-esteem (pp. 31-49). New York: Plenum Publishing Co.

Williams, G. C., Wiener, M. W., Markakis, K. M., Reeve, J., & Deci, E. L. (1994). Medical student motivation for internal medicine. Journal of General Internal Medicine, 9, 327-333.

Deci, E. L., Eghrari, H., Patrick, B. C., & Leone, D. (1994). Facilitating internalization: The self-determination theory perspective. Journal of Personality, 62, 119-142.

Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (1993). Die Selbstbestimmungstheorie Der Motivation Und Ihre Bedeutung Für Die Pädagogik. Zeitschrift Für Pädagogik, 39, 223-238.

Deci, E. L., Driver, R. E., Hotchkiss, L., Robbins, R. J., & Wilson, I. M. (1993). The relation of mothers' controlling vocalizations to children's intrinsic motivation. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 155, 151-162.

Vroom, V. H., & Deci, E. L. (1992). Management and motivation, Second Edition. London: Penguin. doi: 0

Rigby, C. S., Deci, E. L., Patrick, B. C, & Ryan, R. M. (1992). Beyond the intrinsic-extrinsic dichotomy: Self-determination in motivation and learning. Motivation and Emotion, 16, 165-185.

Deci, E. L., Hodges, R., Pierson, L., & Tomassone, J. (1992). Autonomy and competence as motivational factors in students with learning disabilities and emotional handicaps. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 25, 457-471. doi: 10.1177/002221949202500706

Deci, E. L., Hodges, R., Pierson, L., & Tomassone, J. (1992). Autonomy and competence as motivational factors in students with learning disabilities and emotional handicaps. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 25(7), 457-471. doi: 10.1177/002221949202500706

Ryan, R. M., Koestner, R., & Deci, E. L. (1991). Ego-involved persistence: When free-choice behavior is not intrinsically motivated. Motivation and Emotion, 15, 185-205. doi: 10.1007/BF00995170

Grolnick, W. S., Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (1991). The inner resources for school performance: Motivational mediators of children's perceptions of their parents. Journal of Educational Psychology, 83(4), 508-517. doi: 10.1037/0022-0663.83.4.508

Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (1991). A motivational approach to self: Integration in personality. In R. Dienstbier (Ed.), Nebraska symposium on motivation: Perspectives on motivation, Vol. 38 (pp. 237-288). Lincoln, NE: University Of Nebraska Press.

Williams, G. C., Quill, T. E., Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (1991). The facts concerning the recent carnival of smoking in Connecticut (and elsewhere). Annals of Internal Medicine, 115, 59-63.

Deci, E. L., Vallerand, R. J., Pelletier, L. G., & Ryan, R. M. (1991). Motivation and education: The self-determination perspective. The Educational Psychologist, 26(3-4), 325-346. doi: 10.1207/s15326985ep2603&4_6

Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (1989). Bridging the research traditions of task/ego involvement and intrinsic/extrinsic motivation: A commentary on Butler (1987). Journal of Educational Psychology, 81, 265-268.

Deci, E. L., & Olson, B. C. (1989). Motivation and competition: Their role in sports. In J. H. Goldstein (Ed.), Sports, games, and play (pp. 83-110). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.

Deci, E. L., Connell, J. P., & Ryan, R. M. (1989). Self-determination in a work organization. Journal of Applied Psychology, 74(4), 580-590. doi: 10.1037/0021-9010.74.4.580

Vallerand, R. J., Blais, M. R., Lacouture, Y., & Deci, E. L. (1987). L'echelle des Orientations Generales a la Causalite: Validation Canadienne Francaise du General Causality Orientations scale. Canadian Journal of Behavioral Science, 19(1), 1-15. doi: 10.1037/H0079872

Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (1987). The support of autonomy and the control of behavior. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 53, 1024-1037.

Vallerand, R. J., Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (1987). Intrinsic motivation in sport. In K. Pandolf (Ed,), Exercise and sport science reviews, Vol. 15 (pp. 389-425). New York: Macmillan.

Deci, E. L., & Chandler, C. L. (1986). The importance of motivation for the future of the LD field. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 19, 587-594. doi: 10.1177/002221948601901003

Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (1986). The dynamics of self-determination in personality and development. In R. Schwarzer (Ed.), Self-related cognitions in anxiety and motivation (pp. 171-194). Hillside, NY: Erlbaum.

Ryan, R. M., Connell, J. P., & Deci, E. L. (1985). A motivational analysis of self-determination and self-regulation in education. In C. Ames & R. E. Ames (Eds.), Research on motivation in education: The classroom in milieu (pp. 13-51). New York: Academic Press.

Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (1985). The third selective paradigm and the role of human motivation in cultural and biological selection: A response to Csikszentmihalyi and Massimini. New Ideas in Psychology, 3, 259-264.

Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (1985). The general causality orientations scale: Self-determination in personality. Journal of Research in Personality, 19(2), 109-134. doi: 10.1016/0092-6566(85)90023-6

Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (1985). Intrinsic motivation and self-determination in human behavior. New York: Plenum Publishing Co.

Benware, C., & Deci, E. L. (1984). The quality of learning with an active versus passive motivational set. American Educational Research Journal, 21, 755-766.

Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (1983). The basis of self-determination: Intrinsic motivation and integrated internalizations. Academic Psychology Bulletin, 5, 21-29.

Deci, E. L., Speigel, N. H., Ryan, R. M., Koestner, R., & Kauffman, M. (1982). The effects of performance standards on teaching styles: The behavior of controlling teachers. Journal of Educational Psychology, 74, 852-859.

Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (1982). Intrinsic motivation to teach: Possibilities and obstacles in our colleges and universities. In J. Bess (Ed.), New directions in teaching and learning (pp. 27-36). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.

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